Crime and Law Enforcement in Poland on the threshold of the 21st century

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page Preface 5

PART ONE OVERVIEW 13

Andrzej Siemaszko CRIME AND CRIMINAL POLICY IN POLAND: A LOOK BACK AND INTO THE FUTURE 15
A look back 15
Crime and law enforcement policy in the 1990’s 16
Crime 16
Causes of crime: a brief outline 18
Law enforcement and criminal policy 20
A look into the future 24

PART TWO FACT & FIGURES 27

Andrzej Siemaszko, Beata Gruszczyńska, Marek Marczewski FACTS & FIGURES 29
Sources 29
Key terms 29
Crimes (total) 31
Crimes (by type) 32
Crimes against life & health (trends) 33
Crimes against property (trends) 34
Crimes against life & health (by type) 35
Crimes against property (by type) 35
Crimes against life & health (by type) 36
Crimes against property (by type) 37
Juvenile crime 38
Drug-related crimes 39
Crime clear-up rates 1999 (by type of crime) 40
Suspects (by gender) 41
Suspects 1999 (females) 42
Suspects-foreigners 43
Remanded in custody 44
Juveniles (suspected of committing offences 45
Convictions (public prosecution) 46
Convictions 1997 (by type of crime) 48
Convictions (by type of penalty imposed) 49
Convictions (prison sentences) 50
Convicts (aged under 21) 51
Prisoners (total) 52
Prisoners (by type of deprivation of liberty) 53
Prisoners 1999 (by type of crime) 54
Conditional release 55
Prisoners-foreigners 56
Criminal cases in common courts 57
Duration of court proceedings 58
Cases completed by public prosecutors’ offices 1997 (by type) 59
Judges, assessors, trainees 60
Public prosecutors, assessors, trainees 61
Probation officers 62
Prison service staff 63
Ministry of Justice expenditures 64
International crime victim 65
One-year victimisation rates in Poland 65
Five-year unreported crime rates in Poland 66
One-year overall victimisation risk in selected countries 1996 67
Car theft—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 68
Theft from car—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 69
Domestic burglary—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 70
Robbery—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 71
Personal theft—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 72
Assault/threat—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 73
Corruption of public officials—one-year victimisation rates in selected countries 1996 74
One-year overall unreported crime rates in selected countries 1996 75
One-year overall victimisation risk in capital cities of post-communist countries 76
Car theft—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 77
Theft from car—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 78
Domestic burglary—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 79
Robbery—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 80
Assault/threat—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 81
Corruption of public officials—one-year victimisation rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 82
Five-year overall unreported crime rates in capital cities of post-communist countries 83

PART THREE KEY ISSUES 85

Marek Mozgawa, Jerzy Szumski PROMOTING THE RULE OF LAW & STRENGTHENING THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 87
Constitutional norms with regard to penal law 87
Penal philosophy in the light of the new penal code 88
Salient features of the new criminal procedure code 90
Main ideas of the new sanctions enforcement code 91
Challenges to the criminal justice system 92
Emil W Ptywaczewski ORGANISED CRIME 95
The organisational framework for the combating of organised crime 96
The legal framework for combating organised crime 97
The principal features and extent of organised crime 99
International co-operation 101
Krzysztof Krajewski DRUG-RELATED OFFENCES
The situation in the 1990s
Legislation regarding drugs and drug abuse
The practice of combating drug-related crime
Konrad Buczkowski, Michał Wojtaszek ECONOMIC CRIME
Legal framework
Mismanagement
Money laundering
Economic fraud
Offences against creditors
Trends in economic crime
Andrzej Kojder CORRUPTION
Corruption in a period of socio-political transformation Anti-corruption measures
The extent of corruption
Areas of public activity at risk from corruption
Attitudes towards corruption
Andrzej Adamski INTERNET-RELATED CRIME
Legal provisions
Provisions of substantive criminal law
Procedural law
The nature and extent of the phenomenon
Victimisation survey
TPSA (Polish Telecom) statistics
CERT-NASK Statistics
Police Central Headquarters data
International co-operation
Beata Czarnecka-Dzialuk JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The legal framework
Present solutions
The premises and aims of legislative changes
Reform of the correctional institutions
Juvenile delinquency trends
Dobrochna Wójcik RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
The legal framework
Mediation
Conciliation
Obligation to repair damage
Ancillary proceedings
The penalty of restriction of liberty
Restorative justice in practice
International co-operation
Irena Rzeplińska OFFENCES BY FOREIGNERS 150
The legal framework 150
Crime by foreigners: scale and dynamics 152
International co-operation 154
Anna Kossowska CRIME PREVENTION 156
The public vis-a-vis crime and its prevention 156
Police and crime prevention 157
Crime prevention in local communities 158
The public vis-a-vis crime—individual measures 160
Eleonora Zielińska WOMEN IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 162
Female offenders and penal policy in their regard 162
Women in prison 163
Female victims of gender violence 164
Female practitioners in the Criminal Justice System 166
List of contributors 169